Difference between revisions of "Probability Calculation"
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| − | Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1, where, loosely speaking, 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty. The higher the probability of an event, the more likely it is that the event will occur. | + | Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. |
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| + | If probability calculation is mentioned in relation to calculating the future, textually, in a Billy Meier book. It means a very complicated mathematical calculation which uses a special arrangement of numbers which Billy has revealed partially in contact reports,<small><sup>[citations needed]</sup></small> and which is related to chaldean numerology,<small><sup>[citations needed]</sup></small> and William John Warner known as Cheiro.<small><sup>[citations needed]</sup></small> | ||
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| + | '''Requires sources and explanation, rewording, ideally from an editor who knows about the mathematics or an extract from an explanation contained in the books with a reference.''' | ||
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| + | ==Probability== | ||
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| + | Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1, where, loosely speaking, 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty. The higher the probability of an event, the more likely it is that the event will occur. | ||
A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%). | A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%). | ||
Latest revision as of 11:59, 14 January 2018
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
If probability calculation is mentioned in relation to calculating the future, textually, in a Billy Meier book. It means a very complicated mathematical calculation which uses a special arrangement of numbers which Billy has revealed partially in contact reports,[citations needed] and which is related to chaldean numerology,[citations needed] and William John Warner known as Cheiro.[citations needed]
Requires sources and explanation, rewording, ideally from an editor who knows about the mathematics or an extract from an explanation contained in the books with a reference.
Probability
Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1, where, loosely speaking, 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty. The higher the probability of an event, the more likely it is that the event will occur.
A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%).
These concepts have been given an axiomatic mathematical formalization in probability theory, which is used widely in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science (in particular physics), artificial intelligence/machine learning, computer science, game theory, and philosophy to, for example, draw inferences about the expected frequency of events.
Probability theory is also used to describe the underlying mechanics and regularities of complex systems.[1]
Etymology
The word probability derives from the Latin probabilitas, which can also mean "probity", a measure of the authority of a witness in a legal case in Europe, and often correlated with the witness's nobility. In a sense, this differs much from the modern meaning of probability, which, in contrast, is a measure of the weight of empirical evidence, and is arrived at from inductive reasoning and statistical inference.[2]
Newtonian concepts
In a deterministic universe, based on Newtonian concepts, there would be no probability if all conditions were known (Laplace's demon), (but there are situations in which sensitivity to initial conditions exceeds our ability to measure them, i.e. know them). In the case of a roulette wheel, if the force of the hand and the period of that force are known, the number on which the ball will stop would be a certainty (though as a practical matter, this would likely be true only of a roulette wheel that had not been exactly levelled – as Thomas A. Bass' Newtonian Casino revealed). Of course, this also assumes knowledge of inertia and friction of the wheel, weight, smoothness and roundness of the ball, variations in hand speed during the turning and so forth. A probabilistic description can thus be more useful than Newtonian mechanics for analyzing the pattern of outcomes of repeated rolls of a roulette wheel. Physicists face the same situation in kinetic theory of gases, where the system, while deterministic in principle, is so complex (with the number of molecules typically the order of magnitude of Avogadro constant 6.02×1023) that only a statistical description of its properties is feasible.[3]
